Learn More About the History of the United States Postal Service

Get familiar with the History of the United States Postal Service On July 26, 1775, individuals from the Second Continental Congress, meeting in Philadelphia, concurred . . . that a Postmaster General be delegated for the United States, who will hold his office at Philadelphia, and will be permitted a pay of 1,000 dollars for each annum . . . . That basic articulation flagged the introduction of the Post Office Department, the forerunner of the United States Postal Service and the second most established office or organization of the present United States of America. Provincial TimesIn early frontier times, reporters relied upon companions, vendors, and Native Americans to convey messages between the settlements. Be that as it may, most correspondence ran between the settlers and England, their motherland. It was largelyto handle this mail, in 1639, the principal official notification of a postal help in the states showed up. The General Court of Massachusetts assigned Richard Fairbanks bar in Boston as the official storehouse of mail brought from or sent abroad, in accordance with the training in England and different countries to utilize cafés and bars as mail drops. Neighborhood specialists worked post courses inside the provinces. At that point, in 1673, Governor Francis Lovelace of New York set up a month to month post between New York and Boston. The administration was of brief span, yet the post riders trail got known as the Old Boston Post Road, some portion of todays U.S. Highway 1. William Penn built up Pennsylvanias first mail station in 1683. In the South, private dispatchers, typically slaves, associated the immense manors; a hoard head of tobacco was the punishment for neglecting to transfer mail to the following estate. Focal postal association went to the provinces simply after 1691 when Thomas Neale got a 21-year award from the British Crown for a North American postal help. Neale never visited America. Rather, he delegated Governor Andrew Hamilton of New Jersey as his Deputy Postmaster General. Neales establishment cost him just 80 pennies per year yet was no deal; he passed on vigorously under water, in 1699, in the wake of relegating his inclinations in America to Andrew Hamilton and another Englishman, R. West. In 1707, the British Government purchased the rights toward the North American postal help from West and the widow of Andrew Hamilton. It at that point named John Hamilton, Andrews child, as Deputy Postmaster General of America. He served until 1721 when he was prevailing by John Lloyd of Charleston, South Carolina. In 1730, Alexander Spotswood, a previous lieutenant legislative leader of Virginia, became Deputy Postmaster General for America. His most remarkable accomplishment likely was the arrangement of Benjamin Franklin as postmaster of Philadelphia in 1737. Franklin was just 31 years of age at that point, the battling printer and distributer of The Pennsylvania Gazette. Later he would get one of the most well known men of his age. Two different Virginians succeeded Spotswood: Head Lynch in 1739 and Elliot Benger in 1743. When Benger passed on in 1753, Franklin and William Hunter, postmaster of Williamsburg, Virginia, were selected by the Crown as Joint Postmasters General for the states. Tracker kicked the bucket in 1761, and John Foxcroft of New York succeeded him, serving until the flare-up of the Revolution. During his time as a Joint Postmaster General for the Crown, Franklin affected numerous significant and enduring enhancements in the frontier posts. He quickly started to revamp the administration, setting out on a long visit to review post workplaces in the North and others as far south as Virginia. New reviews were made, achievements were set on head streets, and new and shorter courses spread out. Just because, post riders conveyed mail around evening time among Philadelphia and New York, with the movement time abbreviated by at any rate half. In 1760, Franklin announced an overflow to the British Postmaster General , a first for the postal help in North America. At the point when Franklin left office, post streets worked from Maine to Florida and from New York to Canada, and mail between the settlements and the motherland worked on a customary calendar, with posted occasions. Moreover, to manage post workplaces and review accounts, the situation of assessor was made in 1772; this is viewed as the forerunner of todays Postal Inspection Service. By 1774, notwithstanding, the homesteaders saw the regal mail station with doubt. Franklin was excused by the Crown for activities thoughtful to the reason for the states. Not long after, William Goddard, a printer and paper distributer (whose father had been postmaster of New London, Connecticut, under Franklin) set up a Constitutional Post for between provincial mail administration. States subsidized it by membership, and net incomes were to be utilized to improve the postal help instead of to be taken care of to the endorsers. By 1775, when the Continental Congress met at Philadelphia, Goddards provincial post was thriving, and 30 post workplaces worked between Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and Williamsburg. Mainland Congress After the Boston revolts in September 1774, the provinces started to isolate from the homeland. A Continental Congress was sorted out at Philadelphia in May 1775 to set up a free government. One of the principal inquiries before the agents was the manner by which to pass on and convey the mail. Benjamin Franklin, recently came back from England, was selected director of a Committee of Investigation to build up a postal framework. The report of the Committee, accommodating the arrangement of a postmaster general for the 13 American states, was considered by the Continental Congress on July 25 and 26. On July 26, 1775, Franklin was delegated Postmaster General, the principal selected under the Continental Congress; the foundation of the association that turned into the United States Postal Service almost two centuries later follows back to this date. Richard Bache, Franklins child in-law, was named Comptroller, and William Goddard was delegated Surveyor. Franklin served until November 7, 1776. Americas present Postal Service plummets in a whole line from the framework he arranged and put in activity, and history legitimately concurs him significant credit for building up the premise of the postal assistance that has performed radiantly for the American individuals. Article IX of the Articles of Confederation, sanctioned in 1781, gave Congress The sole and elite right and force . . . building up and directing post workplaces starting with one State then onto the next . . . also, demanding such postage on papers going through equivalent to might be essential to settle the costs of the said office . . . . The initial three Postmasters GeneralBenjamin Franklin, Richard Bache, and Ebenezer Hazardwere named by, and answered to, Congress. Postal laws and guidelines were changed and systematized in the Ordinance of October 18, 1782. The Post Office Department Following the appropriation of the Constitution in May 1789, the Act of September 22, 1789 (1 Stat. 70), briefly settled a mail station and made the Office of the Postmaster General. On September 26, 1789, George Washington selected Samuel Osgood of Massachusetts as the principal Postmaster General under the Constitution. Around then there were 75 post workplaces and around 2,000 miles of post streets, despite the fact that as late as 1780 the postal staff comprised uniquely of a Postmaster General, a Secretary/Comptroller, three assessors, one Inspector of Dead Letters, and 26 post riders. The Postal Service was incidentally proceeded by the Act of August 4, 1790 (1 Stat. 178), and the Act of March 3, 1791 (1 Stat. 218). The Act of February 20, 1792, made point by point arrangements for the Post Office. Ensuing enactment augmented the obligations of the Post Office, fortified and brought together its association, and gave rules and guidelines to its turn of events. Philadelphia was the seat of government and postal base camp until 1800. At the point when the Post Office moved to Washington, D.C., in that year, authorities had the option to convey every single postal record, furniture, and supplies in two pony drawn carts. In 1829, upon the greeting of President Andrew Jackson, William T. Barry of Kentucky turned into the principal Postmaster General to sit as an individual from the Presidents Cabinet. His ancestor, John McLean of Ohio, started alluding to the Post Office, or General Post Office as it was now and again called, as the Post Office Department, however it was not explicitly settled as an official division by Congress until June 8, 1872. Around this period, in 1830, an Office of Instructions and Mail Depredations was built up as the insightful and examination part of the Post Office Department. The leader of that office, P. S. Loughborough, is viewed as the primary Chief Postal Inspector.

Managing Organizational Change (2) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Overseeing Organizational Change (2) - Essay Example The change may not make one fulfilled totally however it will in any case be smarter to have it at that point to not have it by any stretch of the imagination. I feel that the innovation development as spoken by Ray Kurzweil would be unimaginable. It will clear route for an authoritative culture wherein human work won't be overburdened. As said by Ray Kurzweil â€Å"Technology will consistently hurt less and advantage more†. It will prompt an environment wherein associations would be constrained to eliminate work hours requiring labor. At this moment the pattern is more towards letting individuals work after some time at that point employing more individuals. This pattern will change post peculiarity. On the negative side, human reliance on machine will build exponentially and complex. Innovation will totally impede humankind. It will be hard to persuade workers who have gotten acclimated with the old organization to adjust to the quickly developing innovation. (Kurzweil,

11.125

11.125 Instead of doing an overview of the classes I’m taking this semester, I want to spotlight a few of them because they are just. that. cool. wow. First up, 11.125: Understanding and Evaluating Education CI-H HASS 12 Units. “Subject uses K-12 classroom experiences, along with student-centered classroom activities and student-led classes, to explore issues in schools and education. Students in this course spend time each week observing pre-college math and science classes. Topics of study include design and implementation of curriculum, addressing the needs of a diversity of students, standards in math and science, student misconceptions, methods of instruction, the digital divide, teaching through different media, and student assessment.” What it boils down to is an analysis on the current state of education, with some mind-blowing observations sprinkled in. Because education is so integral to the present and future of the world, especially the public schools that educate the majority of children, many of the points on the importance of inclusion and diversity are relevant to society as well. A guest lecture from Harvard Professor Daniel Koretz provided the most recent epiphany, introducing something that might be intuitive once you think about it but really shocked me when I first heard about it. The phenomenon is called Campbell’s Law, and it states that the more any quantitative social indicator is used for social decision-making, the more subject it will be to corruption pressures and the more apt it will be to distort and corrupt the social processes it is intended to monitor. Basically, anything that is designed to quantify a process will not only be attacked by corruption, it will also begin to corrupt the process it had been created to measure. Maybe I’m just a nerd who has taken a lot of tests in her time, but this made me question everything. My driving test a few years back, for example. When I was practicing with an instructor, did she focus on being a safe driver? Yes, a bit because her life was on the line whenever I got behind the wheel, but she took me on the route that the test was going to take me on, so there would be no surprises, and I would know every tricky turn up their sleeve. That’s not how real world driving is though! It’s full of people who view traffic lights as suggestions and bikers with headphones in and helmets off. Not only was she teaching to the test, but another lesser driver was pulling into the road, because despite me having scored 100% on the driving test, I have already gotten into a (minor) accident by the ripe age of 19. In a way, I was cheating the test and subsequently corrupting the process. We are also each assigned a classroom or two at a local public school to shadow once a week. After all, it’s hard to theorize about education if you become too removed from the students experiencing it. As a sophomore, I already feel like there are so many meme references I don’t understand and lyrics of prepubescent pop stars I already can’t relate to. For example, 11.125 uses classroom.google.com because that’s what the high schoolers use, something I had never even heard of despite going to this pretty tech-savvy Institute and a similarly techy high school. At the charter school that I observe at, Prospect Hill Academy Charter School, all of their assignments are done on personal computers given to them by the district, and homework is often turned in through Google Drive. Already a struggle to stay relevant in the two years since I walked those locker-filled halls. The AP Literature English class Ive been TAing have very relevant debates on gun control and the minimum wage. Rather than reading purely classics and less relatable masterpieces (not that they dont have their merits too), the teacher has mixed in history and current events too. Its a seamless integration that shows students how relevant English is in their lives and  how present literary devices can be in everyday news. Two reflections are due by the end of the year, but they can take any creative direction imaginable. Fellow course 6’s (Computer Science majors) have written code to summarize their time in school, and those more artistically-inclined have drawn comics, ma de sculptures, and baked cookies.  I’ve now declared my education concentration with the Department of Urban Studies and Planning because of this class, a subject I had previously never considered, and I cant wait to see what the rest of the year brings. And we get snacks! Finally, some extracurricular media for those curious for more: LGBTQ+ explained. After all, the first step to inclusion is understanding (class reading). Debunking the model minority myth (a topic I’m personally invested in). For and against  technology and classrooms, a hot topic that will shape the future of education (class reading). Post Tagged #11.125 Evaluating Education #CI-H/CI-HW #HASS subjects #LGBTQ+

Alfred Wegeners Hypothesis About Pangaea

In 1912 a German meteorologist named Alfred Wegener (1880-1931) hypothesized a single proto-supercontinent that divided up into the continents we now know because of continental drift and plate tectonics. This hypothesis is called Pangaea because the Greek word pan means all and Gaea or Gaia (or Ge) was the Greek name of the divine personification of the Earth. Discover the science behind how Pangaea broke apart millions of years ago. A Single Supercontinent Pangaea, therefore, means all the Earth. Around the single protocontinent or Pangaea was a single ocean called Panthalassa (all the sea). More than 2,000,000 years ago, in the late Triassic Period, Pangaea broke apart. Although Pangaea is a hypothesis, the idea that all the continents once formed a single supercontinent makes sense when you look at the shapes of the continents and how well they essentially fit together. Paleozoic and Mesozoic Era Pangaea, also known as Pangea, existed as a supercontinent during the late Paleozoic and early Mesozoic time periods.  The Paleozoic geologic era translates to ancient life and is over 250 million years old. Considered a time of evolutionary transformation, it ended with one of the biggest extinction events on Earth taking over 30 million years to recover due to it being on land. The Mesozoic era refers to the time in between the Paleozoic and Cenozoic era and extended over 150 million years ago. The Synopsis by Alfred Wegener In his book The Origin of Continents and Oceans,  Wegener foretold plate tectonics and provided an explanation for continental drift. Despite this,  the book is received as both influential and controversial even today, due to the opposition divided amongst geologists regarding his geographic theories.  His research created a forward understanding of the technical and scientific logic before the shift was confirmed. For example, Wegener mentioned  the fit of South America and Africa, ancient climate similarities, fossil evidence, comparisons of rock structures and more. An  excerpt from the book below demonstrates his geological theory: In the whole of geophysics, there is probably hardly another law of such clarity and reliability as this—that there are two preferential levels for the world’s surface which occur in alternation side by side and are represented by the continents and the ocean floors, respectively. It is therefore very surprising that scarcely anyone has tried to explain this law.  Ã¢â‚¬â€ Alfred L. Wegener, Interesting Pangaea Facts In mythology, Hercules wrestled with the giant Antaeus, who gained his strength from his mother, Gaia.Pangea lasted over 300 million years ago  and started to break apart around 175 million years ago.The contemporary theory suggests that the Earths outer shell is broken up into several plates that move over the Earths rocky shell. This is what we know of plate tectonics today.The process of Pangaea was put together slowly over time.  In fact, it took a few hundred million years before it was formed.

The American Dream - 1921 Words

The idea of the American dream has been ever-present, since the earliest days of American history. Escaping the corruption and persecution of their homelands, migrants held great hopes and expectations that America was their promised land full of freedom and opportunity, in which any man could call into being his own rags to riches tale. Despite America’s proclamation of freedom, liberty, and justice for all, these terms undeniably hold a very different meaning among different communities. So different in fact that it calls to question what the American dream actually is. To better understand the concept of American identity, in-depth analysis is imperative to differentiate the many dimensions of Americanism, and how the adaptive definition has been substantiated among different groups of people. Even before the thought of national revolution and separation from England, establishing an American identity separate from that of their English neighbors became a high priority for early residents of the colonies. Although the idea of â€Å"Americanism† was widely recognized even by the earliest settlers, in â€Å"Who is an American? The Imagined Community in American History†, Froner suggests that throughout history, the term has had a rather fluid definition that he identified most accurately as a â€Å"state of mind†, rather than a specific context or path of action (426). He also recognizes that throughout history, a single definition has never been capable of encompassing the entirety ofShow MoreRelatedImmigrants And The American Dream1362 Words   |  6 PagesImmigrants and the American Dream In the article â€Å"The American Dream†, by James Truslow Adams in The Sundance Reader book, he stated that the American dream is that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is a difficult dream for the European upper classes to interpret adequately, and too many of us ourselves have grown weary and mistrustful of it. It is not a dream of motor cars and highRead MoreThe American Dream By Kimberly Amadeo1637 Words   |  7 PagesNowadays, a large number of people migrate to the United States to work and achieve the American Dream. According to the Article â€Å"What is the American Dream?† by Kimberly Amadeo, â€Å"The American Dream was first publicly defined in 1931 by James Truslow Adams in Epic of America. Adam’s often-repeated quote is, ‘The American Dream is that dream of land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyon e, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement.’† There are many peopleRead MoreAnalysis Of The Movie The American Dream 754 Words   |  4 Pages Nyreel Powell Ms. Jones American Literature 1 June 2015 The American dream in A Raisin in the Sun Have you ever had a dream and it didn’t come how you wanted it to be? Have you ever had accomplishments that you wanted to achieve but people were getting in the way of them? The four main characters in this book all have good dreams but there are people in the way of getting to those dreams or their dream is too high to accomplish. A Raisin in the Sun a play written by Lorraine Hansberry, andRead MoreSister Carrie and the American Dream1618 Words   |  7 PagesThe American Dream is surely based on the concept of â€Å"Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness† but it is above all, a matter of ambition. James Truslow Adams, an American writer and historian, in 1931 states: life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement†, which not only points towards a better standard of living for Americans but also denounces a degree of greed in the US society. Ambition not only â€Å"killed the catâ₠¬  butRead MoreGrapes Of Wrath And The American Dream1644 Words   |  7 PagesThe idea of the American Dream is ever changing depending on the person and the time of life that person is in. Although the main ideas of the American Dream remain the same to be educated, economically sound, healthy, to have a family, and equal rights. Many great films and works of literature were created to show case all the different ideas people have for their American Dream. The film â€Å"Grapes of Wrath† directed by John Ford and the poem â€Å"I Will Fight No More Forever† by Chief Joseph, both depictRead More Destruction of the American Dream Essay2145 Words   |  9 PagesDestruction of the American Dream I’ve talked about it in the past, the destruction of the American Dream. Always, there have been papers, writings, and thoughts that quantify a particular section of its ultimate demise, be it due to money, education, or sexuality. Maybe the destruction cannot be viewed as a singular event or cause. Perhaps instead it must be examined as a whole process, the decay and ultimate elimination of a dream. Self destruction, if you will†¦ Mr. Self Destruct Read MoreSuccess As One Of The American Dream1137 Words   |  5 PagesApril 2015 Success as One of The American Dream When we hear the word â€Å"success†, we often think of wealth and money. To some people, the embodiment of being success is earning a lot of money. In fact, the concept of success is primarily based on how much money a person earns. However, each person views the definition of success differently. One way to define success is something that has more to do with flash than it does with substance. John Wooden, an American basketball player and coach viewRead MoreJim Cullen And The American Dream2081 Words   |  9 Pages The American Dream, as defined by Cullen, is starting your goal off with a little and ending with more; it s like a business, you invest in it in order to gain more money. Usually, people will define the American Dream as being able to achieve your goal because everyone is offered opportunities. 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A Paper On Customer Satisfaction Free Essays

Marketing Is an organizational function and a set of processes for creating, communicating and delivering values to customers and for managing customer relationships In ways that benefit the organization and its stakeholders. These values are related to an economic dimension and the psychological dimension of the said marketing definition. The same dimensions speak about perceived price through transaction values and cognitive and affective influences on brand choice and affective influences. We will write a custom essay sample on A Paper On Customer Satisfaction or any similar topic only for you Order Now This definition of marketing leads to the importance and critical roles of customers perception of corporate Images and reputation leading to customer satisfaction as an Intermediary to customer loyalty. This Is done In relevance with the belief and fact that customers are the primary ‘assets’ of a market and not the product itself. With customers being satisfied, or if customers show a high level of satisfaction then only can the market for the particular product grow. This in turn can lead to customer loyalty and loyalty intention. What is Customer Satisfaction? Customer Satisfaction Is said to be able to Increase product sales and bring about fulfillment response. It is a Judgment that a product or service feature, or the reduce itself, provided or is providing a pleasurable level of consumption-related fulfillment including levels of under or over-fulfillment. † It is the degree of experience that a customer receives from a good or service provided by a market. Thus ‘Customer Satisfaction’ is the measure of this degree of experience or pleasure of customers measured by the number of repeated customers who repeatedly use the goods or service. It is also seen that customer satisfaction leads to the customers being loyal to the product or service thus in return be loyal to the particular brand of the product. It can also be used as a measure of loyalty intention. Oliver(1997) defined customer’s loyalty as â€Å"a deep held commitment to rebury or re-patronize a preferred product or service consistently in the future, thereby causing repetitive same brand or same brand-set purchasing, despite situational influences and marketing efforts that have the potential to cause switching behavior. Loyalty then is the intent or the customer’s behavior to rebury the same product or service from a particular source (thus linking to a brand) because of the satisfaction that he or she achieved from using the product/service repeatedly. Why is Customer Satisfaction Important? Talking about customer satisfaction, one must understand why customer satisfaction is important. In asking that question the following reasons come up based on research. The main point is because customer satisfaction as a measure of loyalty intention and customer retention is a leading indicator and a point differentiator. Studying customer satisfaction or performing customer satisfaction surveys yields a better understanding of customer lifetime value and reduces customer churn. In saying so, keeping and making old customers satisfied is a lot cheaper than acquiring new ones. Making customers happy reduces negative word of mouth for the product or service and thus doesn’t affect the product or service negatively. On the other hand, with satisfied and happy customers word of mouth would enable an acquisition of many more other customers who can then be transformed to satisfied customers and then into totally satisfied customers. Retaining customers who are satisfied isn’t much of a problem, it is those customers who often have problems with the products or services offered that needs to be looked into. Suppose if a ‘satisfaction’ survey is carried out on a particular product, and the result gives a list if any customers who are not satisfied with the product or who gives a low rating for the product; then one must look into how and why they are unsatisfied with the product. One can keep a watch list on these customers and follow up with different queries so as to determine why they are not satisfied. In knowing this, the brand can know the actual number of people who have intent of repurchase and of those who are actually loyal to the brand. The main difference between competitors in a market is their ability to retain and satisfy those customers who continue to be with them. Bringing customer satisfaction as a main strategy or a core point of action for a brand can be a detrimental factor for two or more competitors offering the same service or product. Take for example Competitor A and Competitor B both offering Product X. A customer C would go for either of the competitor’s Product X if C would have received feedback from another customer (say D) if D would have given a positive feedback to given a positive word of mouth feedback to C of the Product X from Competitor A if the competitor A had offered or given a high level of satisfaction to the customer D. Thus the main differentiating factor for C for choosing product X from A and B would highly depend on the recommendation from D. This is what is meant by acquiring new customers and retaining old ones based on customer satisfaction. Studies have shown that totally satisfied customers are more loyal to a brand than Just satisfied customers. The Customer Lifetime Value (CLC) which can yield profit from a customer based on prediction of spending of the customer on a particular product or service is different for totally and Just satisfied customers. Just satisfied customers can and eight defect to other products or services and have a lower CLC. This is because with just satisfied customers, chances of new products from competitors who offer better services and benefits might make them shift from their regular brand and products. This can be attributed to the effect of the new product attributes that wooed them to shift or because of the lack of retention capability of the current brand. In the case of totally satisfied customers however, a new product or service with better offers and benefits than the current brand isn’t enough to deter them to take a shift. This might be due to the high loyalty they have towards their current brand because of their high levels of satisfaction they achieved from using the product or service or because of the brand’s capability to retain them by incorporating customer satisfaction strategies in their business plans. Thus we can see that Just satisfied customers are willing to shift to other products more readily than totally satisfied customers. Markets should be able to distinguish between these two and formulate strategies to convert Just satisfied to totally satisfied customers which can raise the Customer Lifetime Value and thus increase profit. Consistency as a Customer Satisfaction Tool For a brand to be able to retain customers and to make them satisfied and happy, consistency is one of the major routes in achieving total customer satisfaction. The consistency that the paper talks about is the consistent satisfaction of a customer and its measure of relation to the overall sum of customer satisfaction over a period of time. This is in contrast to the measure of a five point scale satisfaction survey of individual customers. In measuring this satisfaction consistency, we measure the attestation levels of an individual customer for a particular product or service provided by a certain brand over their continued use and repurchase of the product or brand. This gives us a better understanding of the customer’s response to the product or service though out the customer lifetime value. With increasing use of the product the customer can either be satisfied, totally satisfied or be frustrated with the product. This study based on consistency can then be translated into strategies or plans to enable the brand to retain the dissatisfied customer, convert the Just testified and improve the totally satisfied customer. Throughout the customers’ lifetime with the product the brands consistent work to provide them with excellent and effortless service and a consistent support mechanism can ensure maximum customer satisfaction. However not all brands can offer and deliver the same. Having a positive customer-experience emotions- encompassed in a feeling of trust-were the biggest drivers of satisfaction and loyalty in a majority of industries. Consistency with customers in relationships, services and relations is important to forge trust brands’ customer pool. A company’s brand is driven by more than the combination of promises made and kept. It is also critical to ensure customers recognize the delivery of those promises. This requires communicating and key messages that consistently highlight delivery and themes. In this case customer’s perceptions and views of the brand are reinforced. This in turn generates goodwill in the minds of the customers thus leading into a satisfaction level though the communication of these fulfilling promises and on time market communications to reinforce experiences. Relationship between Price and Satisfaction Say a customer A was traveling and had to stop to stay for a night. The hotel that he stayed charged him an exorbitant amount as the room rent and other charges and this caused A to be upset and thus dissatisfied with the hotel. But because of the urgent requirement he had to put up with it. But in staying at the hotel he found out that the overall service of the hotel, the staffs and the facilities provided were much more than he anticipated. When asked to rate the hotel he gave it a ten out of ten. This is an example of how price can be related to satisfaction. But this is not the case with most products and services. Customers often expect good sales and services when they pay a hefty price for a product. If the product performs they are more likely to continue the use of the same product and recommend the same to others. The opposite is the case if the product doesn’t meet the necessary requirements the customer had in mind while paying for it. If that’s the case, a sure negative response from the customer via word of mouth would go to others, thus making the brand lose out on a potential customer while not retaining a customer. Thus customer satisfaction and price has a direct negative relationship and impact on customer attention. This is regardless of satisfaction with the service experience or reward programmer membership status. This also shows the price sensitivity of customers in relation to being satisfied with a product or service. Achieving Customer Satisfaction As customer satisfaction is an important factor for brands, companies and the market, plans and strategies must be included to achieve the same. This part of the paper will give a simple layout on how to achieve customer satisfaction. Since the business or the market continues to exist because of the customer, the customer should be made the first priority. This is in accordance to what was said at the beginning of the paper where customers where declared as assets of a market. If customers are unhappy and uncaring for a product or service; chances are they have already made up their minds to shift to another. They also are highly capable to spread negativity about the same product or service via word of mouth. A â€Å"Can-Do† attitude by sales executives and the staffs in general can go a long way to making customers happy and satisfied. Inconvenience caused by the staffs and personnel at a retail shop or outlet can cause a very long lasting negative impression on the minds f the customers. The lesser the complaints received, the more highly the customer is satisfied with the service. Communication with customers also offers a great platform in creating relationships with them and building trust in them. Also communication about the services and products provided by the brand to increase the knowledge of the customer is an ideal way to retain customers. If the full quality and service of a product and the extent to which the product or service can be used is made known to customer gets about the product or service, the more highly it can affect his/her purchase decision again and again. This can then lead to customer retention and satisfaction. Timing is also one of the basic factors that can lead to customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction. On time deliveries, sales and services, and deadlines are real time factors influencing customer satisfaction. Uncertainty and lack of confidence with customers are negative points on the customer’s mind. Your customer expects prompt, courteous service. When asking for service help, your customer should never have to make a second call. Establish clearly defined and attainable service standards using the input of customers and employees. Ensure hat those standards are thoroughly understood by employees and promoted to customers. Put the standards into practice through employee reward programs that establish and recognize excellence in service. Research into competitors actions to improve your own goals and improve your own techniques and services. Remember that the customer is the markets’ everything. Complains must be listened and taken into account. Positive solutions must be encouraged along with politeness, compliments and enthusiasm. You are the company that the customer sees. The customer is always evaluating you, so offer a better service than your competitors ND always show interest in the customer. Conclusion In concluding we can see that although there are customers who will always buy and purchase a product or service because of needs and requirements; totally satisfied customers are hard to find. Retaining Just satisfied customers also is a hard process since it entails a lot of work and research into why there can be a shift even when they are satisfied. Customer satisfaction is thus seen as not Just a unit of measure for brands and markets to calculate their profits and revenues but is seen as an important factor for marketing strategies and plans. This is because the more satisfied the customers are, the more loyal they can become and the more loyal they become the more benefit the brand and the market can achieve from them in terms of profit and revenue. The results of the study shows that the markets offering different products and services should concentrate on customer satisfaction as it plays an important role in retaining customers which are the â€Å"Assets† of any market. References 1. Enhance Plus; â€Å"Why is Customer Satisfaction Important? † 2. â€Å"The effect of price on return intentions: Do satisfaction and reward programmer membership matter? How to cite A Paper On Customer Satisfaction, Papers

Divorce A Life Changing Experience Essay Example For Students

Divorce A Life Changing Experience Essay Divorce: a personal life changing experience With this ring I thee wed. For better or worse, for richer or poorer. Traditionally, two people speak these words on their wedding day, the day that two become one, the day that two people begin a life together and share an unbreakable union. This may be so in some cases but not all. Divorce among Americans is rampant. In society today divorces are as common as marriages themselves. Couples meet, date, fall in love, marry, and have children and then one day: Wham! Something is just not right with the relationship anymore, so they opt for the easy way out, the big D. They get a divorce, is this really the easy way? The legalities and dissolution of the union may be easy and painless, but what about the emotions that are still in tact? Although a divorce may be hard on the adults involved, what about the children? What happens to the kids of these broken marriages? Some parents who are going through a divorce wonder what the effects of their decision to dissolve the marriage will be on the children. Parents worry that their divorce will cause their children emotional problems that will last a lifetime. These worries are not unsubstantiated. Depending on the reasons that led up to the divorce the effects can vary. Being a product of a broken home, and having my own child which is also a product of a broken home I can relate personally to the lasting effects that divorce has on a child. My family consists of five children, which today is considered a large family. Of the five I am the youngest by six years. My parents were married for twenty-eight years before they decided that divorce was the only solution. I was fourteen years old and the one child that suffered the most emotional damage. Because of the many years my parents were married and the wide age difference between my siblings and myself I was the only child still living at home with my parents. The day my dad decided to move out was the day my life changed forever. My parents did not discuss their reasons for the divorce with me, they didnt have to, and I knew the reasons. I had lived the reasons for as long as I was old enough to remember. The arguments, the name calling, the accusations, the past threats to move out. I was well aware of the reasons. Although there was never any physical violence there was enough screaming and yelling to make up for it. Usually, my mother started most of the arguments; my dad is a quite man. My mother could never let anything rest she loved to argue. It didnt matter if it was money, family, jealousy, or the color of the clouds in the sky that particular day; she just loved to bitch. Then one day my dad had enough and he left. Let me go back up and say that my dad was not perfect by any means. He was a hard worker and a good provider and he loved my mother and us. But he also allowed my mother to always be in control of the household, the finances and the discipline. My mother resented him for this and when things went wrong she wanted to blame him for his lack of input. Anyway, the day my dad moved out was a day of mixed emotions, I felt like the largest weight in the world had been lifted off of my shoulders and at the same time the sadness that I felt was just weighing me back down. I was so glad my dad was finally going to take a stand and stop the arguing but I was so sad that he was going to have to leave to do it. I blame my dad for taking the easy way out and I blame my mom for allowing it. I blame society as a whole for commercializing divorce on a level that allows parents to choose it as if it were the only option. Li & Fung: Internet Issues Essay Because of these things this is how I have spent the last twenty years of my .

My Past Learning Experience Essays - Study Skills,

My Past Learning Experience My past learning experience I will present and make comparation between two ways of how I have studied history during my highschool period. First for the time that I studied history in Skopje, and the second time during my senior year which I have finished in United States of America, Oklahoma City. From my point of view we have different methods and techniques of studying history, which materials are more difficult and very wide in terms of history. For example, the history that I have learned is very different from the history that I'm studying now. Our history is based on ours national heroes. The techniques that our school system provide is very difficult because each time when we learn about some national hero, and they are too many, we have to know everything about her/him like the book says, from beginning of the essay till the fullstop. The essays are long six to seven pages sometimes even more. When is time for exams is very hard, because we have to know all the material by heart which is enormous. The exams that we are taking are not written, but we have to retail the story about some hero in a verbal way. From 30 lessons the instructors are giving us 3 questions, and we have to answer everything in a perfect way in order to past the class. So as you can see we don't l earn much about modern history. The first time when I came in contact to study modern history was in U.S.A where I was finishing my senior year. I studied there various of things, from World War I to American civil war. And I realise how easy can be to study not just history, but all subjects in a practical way. I preferred the American system, because is more effective than ours it makes you to think and is more interesting in every way. Our system is you study you forget, the American system is you study, but it remains. That's why I think that our school system should accept the American system, and if they accepted there won't be pressure on the students. History Essays

Man Ray essays

Man Ray essays The date was August 27, 1890 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. On this day two Russian-Jewish immigrants, Melach and her husband had a child. His name was Emmanuel Radnitsky. He was teased in his youth about his name and later on became Man Ray. The family eventually moved to Brooklyn. As a child he enjoyed sketching, inventing, repairing, and building. He went to various schools in New York after refusing a scholarship to study architecture. Ray became a commercial artist and draftsman and had his first exhibit at 25. He spent some time in New Jersey working as an advertising draftsman. The artists who inspired him were Alfred Stieglitz and Robert Henri. In 1913, he was exposed to Cubism and began to use some of these elements in his work. In 1914, Man Ray married the Belgian poet, Adon Lacroix and later met Marcel Duchamp After Meeting Duchamp, he bought his first camera. They both became very good friends who influenced each other. In 1921, Man Ray chose to move to Paris after being encouraged to do so by Duchamp. He and his wife also separated at this time. This is where he spent the rest of his life although he did live in Hollywood for ten years during WWII. He drew many portraits when first moving to France. He lived in a room on the top floor that belonged to a woman named Yvonne Chastel. For six years after the separation of his wife a performer named Kiki was his lover, model, and muse but later remarried to a dancer named Juliet Brown. The couple married after the war when Ray moved back to France. Man Ray was known for experimenting with everything in artwork. He accumulated many famous friends such as Georges Braque, Virginia Woolf, Pablo Picasso, Max Ernst, James Joyce, Ernest Hemmingway, Salvador Dali and the list goes on. In Paris, he joined the surrealists and the Dadas. H e participated in the first international Dada show held in Paris. He was a huge influence to French contemporary art. ...

Watergate scam. Usa Vs Nixon Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Watergate scam. Usa Vs Nixon - Term Paper Example The mentioned scandal came to surface during the year 1972 when the electioneering campaign between Mr. George McGovern and Mr. Richard Nixon was on the boom. Well before winning the Presidential election, five people inclusive of white house staff and political workers made their unauthorized entry into the Democratic Headquarters located at Watergate complex in Washington D.C (Kutler 510). In order to investigate the matter of doors broken opened of Democratic Headquarters by the staff and political workers of Nixon’s Party who run the electioneering campaign aims at to steal material information and important files that relates to election strategy. Upon disclosure of the committed crime, initially Mr. Nixon assigned the task to Mr. Cox to investigate the matter. Later on he dismissed him for non-co-operation. The forced departure of Mr. Cox, Mr. Richardson and Mr. Ruckelshaus considered in the American history as â€Å"Saturday Night Massacre† (Trachtman 131). With the dismissal of said gentleman, mounting public pressures compelled Mr. Nixon to appoint another investigator. Hence, Mr. Jaworski appointed to probe the matter. To accomplish the task he got subpoena order that enables him to have an access to relevant tapes and documents which were in the possession of Mr. Nixon. The conversations that contains in the tapes led to the involvement of indicted persons in the scam (Trachtman 131). On the disclosure of his involvement in the Watergate scam, Nixon’s counsel requested the competent court of law to quash president from accountability since he is as powerful as Louis XIV for a term of four years; therefore he is not answerable to any court of law except the impeachment court. The competent court of law turned down the plea and ordered the president to hand over the investigative material to the investigator (Kutler 510). On the order of the subordinate court, the attorney of Mr. Nixon referred the matter to the Supreme Court and t he court hardly taken three weeks time to decide the case. In that case the apex court focused on two issues a) indictment of president b) president prerogative of immunity. Firstly the court found involvement of Mr. President in conversation with the staff of white house concerning Watergate scam. Secondly the court rejected the plea of absolute power of the president. The president was of the view that being a president he has the absolute right and privilege of immunity. Further, the court held that only the attorney general void the prosecution commission which he refused to do so, therefore, the executive branch and other two branches are bound to implement it. The president had no choice but to enforce the decision in its true spirit (Kutler 511). The fear of impeachment and prosecution in the Senate which led to the removal of President forced him to resign from his office in August 1974. So far he was the only president in the history of United States of America who resigned from his office. This has further established the authority of Supreme Court as judicial branch to monitor the activities of executive branch if any of its action is ultra virus to the constitution and the law of the land in vogue (Trachtman 133). Chief Justice Warren Burger of the Supreme Court of America in his land mark decision held that "However, neither the doctrine of separation of powers nor the need for confidentiality of high level communication without more can sustain an absolute, unqualified Presidential privilege of immunity from judicial process under all circumstances† (Lively and Weaver 3). The apex court while acknowledging the right of

Nutrition Facts Label Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Nutrition Facts Label - Coursework Example The rise of science and food technology have forced many multinational companies in most States in the U.S. to take advantage of American people as well as worldwide at large hence providing subsidized food substances in regards to profit maximization as an aspect of business. Many grocery stores provides processed food that has additives such as corns which has ingredients like cellulose, saccharin, polydextrose, and xanthan that are known to be harmful and a threat to the health of human beings. According to the movie, one of the scientist suggested that many of the processed food has either corns or soybean ingredients which helps many of the processed food staffs to stay long in grocery stores. In the regulations of food, security by international bodies suggests that, these multinational companies as well as some governments have overlooked these regulations by providing cheap food regardless to negative consequences it has over the nation. The author of the trailer goes further on analyzing side effects of science and technology on the facet of global food supply affected by lack of biodiversity, which in turns the author believes that can be changed by providing demand side of a specific equation. However, it is known that 70% of processed food has been genetically

Scientific perspectives on positivism and hermeneutics

Scientific perspectives on positivism and hermeneutics The purpose of this chapter is to describe the method that how the work will be carried out and what approach we have chosen. The aim of this research design is to answer the main questions. We would also present the overview of the choice of methods used for data collection, analysis and the results of the data. Research perspective There are two main scientific perspectives, positivism and hermeneutics. (Ann Lind, 2005), since we want to create comprehension knowledge, a hermeneutic perspective is best for our research. The aim of the hermeneutic analysis is trying to make sense of the whole, and the relationship between people, the organization, and information technology (Michael D. Myers, 1997). Hermeneutics has been defined as the theory of the operation of understanding in relation to the interpretation of text (David L. Rennie, 2006). The text could be any sacred and legal document. Hermeneutics dealt with two aspects of interpretation which will be encountered again: first, the problems of analyzing texts in a way that looked beyond the surface features (e.g. of a parable), and second, the problems of verifying the analysis so produced (Wallace, Ross, Davie, 2003). We can say that the hermeneutics deals with the interpretation of any aspect of the technology. Hermeneutics opens the path of protecting the social sciences from the violation of the methodology of the natural sciences, but the main concerns are always the similar as those acknowledged previously: i.e. to what degree are readings to be ordered and to what level are they objectively accurate or subjectively factual to the reader? (Wallace, Ross, Davie, 2003) The hermeneutics deals with the difficulties of the text interpretation, analysis of the text and the verification of that analysis. The qualitative study produces some kind of text from the interviews or observation, the produced text needs to be interpretive because Texts are not just more or less meaningful, they are also more or less useful. (Wallace, Ross, Davie, 2003). It will show the objectivity of the text, we think that the hermeneutic approach with qualitative research is better approach to choose. The qualitative research gives chance to the interviewee or respondents to answer in their own opinion and not forcing them to select or answer from preset answers Every research design has some positive aspects in it beside with some negative sides. It is not possible to say that any research design a perfect design. There are mainly two research designs which are the source of the todays research, one is qualitative research and other is quantitative research. Qualitative researchers aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior.(Wikipedia, 2010) and The objective of quantitative research is to develop and employ mathematical models, theories and/or hypotheses pertaining to phenomena.(Wikipedia, 2010) The qualitative research contains the study that consists of: to find the answers of questions by predefined set of measures produces answer that might not be resolute in advance and gathering of the proofs. The Qualitative research shares the characteristics which are described and it helps to recognize any given research problem or subject. Qualitative research is especially efficient in obtaining culturally specific information about the values, opinions, behaviors, and social contexts of particular populations. The qualitative research provides textual metaphors of, how the researcher experience a given research problem. There are three qualitative research methods which are: participant observation, in-depth interviews, and focus groups. The participant observation depends on the observation of the participant to be observed, in-depth interviews depend on the collection of data from the individual personally, and focus groups depend on collection of data from the group of partic ulars. (Mack, Namey, 2005) The quantitative approach, on the other hand, has more benefit of generating data that is open to the statistical analysis, and something that is predominantly imperative in a safety context. The quantitative research approach is most of the time is in simpler form, the representation of the data in quantitative structure (e.g. graphs or charts) then the disordered layout of the text in qualitative data. (Wallace, Ross, Davie, 2003) In this research we have use qualitative research methods with hermeneutic approach, our research design will show how this work will be applied, and why we have chosen the approach that we are going to work with. The research design will be helpful to answer the research question, we will use the procedure of the observations and the interviews in this regard. We will try to explore that what are the requirements of a user (visually impaired people) and how the ticketing machine could be provided by the interface that could be usable for the user. This approach will be relying on the conclusion and results that we gather from the interviews and the observation. We will try to broaden our perspective at the start of the work, because it could be very helpful at the point, when we will be collecting data. We will analyze that how a ticket machine system interfaces have an effect on a user who is in need of it. Comparison of quantitative and qualitative research approaches Quantitative Qualitative General framework Seek to confirm hypotheses about phenomena Instruments use more rigid style of eliciting and categorizing responses to questions Use highly structured methods such as questionnaires, surveys, and structured observation Seek to explore phenomena Instruments use more flexible, iterative style of eliciting and categorizing responses to questions Use semi-structured methods such as in-depth interviews, focus groups, and participant observation Analytical objectives To quantify variation To predict causal relationships To describe characteristics of a population To describe variation To describe and explain relationships To describe individual experiences To describe group norms Question format Closed-ended Open-ended Data format Numerical (obtained by assigning numerical values to responses) Textual (obtained from audiotapes, videotapes, and field notes) Flexibility in study design Study design is stable from beginning to end Participant responses do not influence or determine how and which questions researchers ask next Study design is subject to statistical assumptions and conditions Some aspects of the study are flexible (for example, the addition, exclusion, or wording of particular interview questions) Participant responses affect how and which questions researchers ask next Study design is iterative, that is, data collection and research questions are adjusted according to what is learned Research strategy We need to look at the existing method and practices, perhaps to develop and improve them. Once a particular project is underway, we may need to collect information to monitor the program and review its effectiveness. Is it meeting its target? Is it satisfying its customers? (Paul Nichols, 2006). The research strategy we will follow during the research is consisting of the collection of the information through the interviews and the observations then we will review the effectiveness of the data and try to answer the questions that Nichols asked. There are two types of research strategy approaches. Exploratory research Descriptive research Exploratory research An explorative study is conducted when the researcher would like to follow a new interest or when the subject area in itself is relatively new and unexplored. The aim for such a study may be to create a better understanding, to test the feasibility of further research or to develop a method for further research.(Ann Lind, 2005) Explorative studies are most important when moving into new territories where they almost always can create new knowledge of the research area. (Babbie, 1995) Descriptive Research Descriptive research is also called Statistical Research. The main goal of this type of research is to describe the data and characteristics about what is being studied. The idea behind this type of research is to study frequencies, averages, and other statistical calculations. Although this research is highly accurate, it does not gather the causes behind a situation. (Anto, 2007) We have chosen the exploratory approach as our research strategy, because we want to follow a new knowledge. This area has been unexplored and is a new one, this area need to be of better understanding for the further exploration in the area. The interviews and the observations are also fits well with exploratory approach, because they will create better understanding of the problem and towards the solution of the problem. By the application of the exploratory method, will help us to get better understanding and make the interface of the ticket machine system better and usable. By descriptive, we will be able to easily get our principles from theories now days for a design principle of a ticket machine system and the features of visually impaired people. Once the phase of interviews and the observations will be finished, we will try to build a prototype that will help to book tickets for the visually impaired people for the experimental purpose. Our effort would be to get a better understanding of how users perceive the interface of the ticket machine system and how we can make more improvement in the interface to be useable for the visually impaired people. To come up with better design of the machine to investigate further on to make it more reliable for users. If we noticed and observed that today the system called as self-service systems, always need to be improved and need some kind of updating and upgrading in it to make the performances better, improved and more users friendly. The role of theoretical study The role of the theoretical study is to explore the literature related to the material which is relevant about the research topic. According to Oates (2006, page 72) the aim is to gather and present evidence to support your claim that you have created some new knowledge. The theoretical study is used to identify the theorys key points and suggest theories that they might explain the data that, the researcher has collected from the field of study. The theoretical study provides the base for any kind of research. The theoretical study is based on the literature resources like books, journals articles, conference papers and catalogues. In theoretical part we will make a base for the empirical survey, which will later on be implemented. We have inquired the different ways for the conducting of interviews. We have to keep in mind that what is considerable to think about and what we should do to attain, validity and consistency when we carry out the theoretical study. We have read various theories about the usability, ticket machine system, human-computer interaction, and user interface and design principles. The role of Empirical study According to Oates, (2006, page 2-3) the research within information system has a long tradition of carrying out field research (often called empirical research) in order to find out what happen, when information system are requested, developed and used by the people. The empirical researchs outcome can be utilized as the verification to sustain the valuable development and usage of any information system. When the product is actually implemented in the real world the empirical study can be helpful to find out what happen actually, and if we want to develop the system in a desire efficient way, there should be evidence of empirical study to support the research, the theoretical study will also be enhanced with the help of empirical study. (Oates, 2006) Our intention is to acquire an enhanced understanding of how the user recognize interface in the ticket machine system and what measurements we can take to make the interface of a ticket machine system better for the handicapped (visually impaired). This can be done with the help of the empirical study because the role of the empirical study is to verify the results of the theoretical study. Data collection procedures For the solution of the problem of design issues of the ticketing machine system for the visual impaired people, we will use the interviews and the observations. During the interviews, we will ask the questions from different visually impaired people about their thinking of such kind of system. The interviews from the normal human beings, who travel regularly, will help us to sort out the availabilities and problems of the current ticketing machine, and to get the idea how they think about the current system to improve to make usable for the visually impaired people. During the observations, we will analyze and argue the different responses given by the interviewer and will try to reach some results. Theoretical study Our theoretical groundwork is based on articles, books and literature review as well as material which is relevant to our study in our problem area. The literature review is done by searching for these keywords, usability, interface, human computer interface, information service and user interfaces etc. Theoretical sources The theoretical source is a tool of qualitative research, for the theoretical source of the empirical studies, we have selected to go through the comprehensive study of literature that is related to our research, which is compose of the journals, books and articles in the research area. We will make analysis of the problem by making predictions, understanding and explaining the matter. Our theoretical groundwork is comprised of articles, books, internet and literature review as well as material that is relevant to our study in our problem area. The literature review is done by searching for these keywords: usability, interface, human computer interface, information service, user interfaces etc. For these keywords we will definitely consider that the authors are more trustworthy than others. In our theoretical study, this thing will be posed with the web sites, books, articles and journals because this will provide quality in our data. Empiric Survey The empirical study is related to balance with what the theory says, here the theory is initial point and the preparation of questions related to interviews is based on it. The empirical study will have observations and interviews will be conducted at different places. We will also try to collect the data by the interviews from the blind or visually impaired people would be the source of direct quotations from them and also yields their pervious experiences, pervious knowledge, feelings and opinion about the ticketing machine or booking system (Michael Quinn). The observation will provide the handicap peoples behaviour, activities actions and their interpersonal interaction with other assistive technologies they have used. The analysis of data from written documents consists of the analysis of articles, journals and books related to the blind people or people with visual impairment and booking systems. Empirical sources The empirical source will be composed of a number of interviews and observations, which will be conducted randomly from normal user on the spot after or before buying ticket form ticket reservation machine, and from the blind or visually impaired people, from Eye center Boras. According to Briony J Oates (2006, page-202, 203), to observe mean to watch and to pay attention to. Observing is something most of us do a lot most of the time: seeing, hearing, noting, analyzing, formal theories, making inferences, imposing meaning. He further says that, for data generation methods the researchers use observations to find out what people actually do, rather than what they say they do when questioned. Most of the time the observation contains looking and watching, but it can involve the senses other than sight: hearing, smelling, touching and tasting. Briony J Oates presents many different kind of observations that could be for the observations, out of which we will use three kind of observations that includes, short duration observation, record keeping by using simple notes and may be camera as well(if required) and third one is that no feedback is given to the observed people. The people observed would be only the people with the visually impairment disabilities. (Oates, 2006) Highly systematic observations of pre-defined types of events Observations of anything and everything Narrow concentration on particular type of event Broad focus Observation takes no part in the proceedings Observer participates fully in the proceedings Facts of Observations taking place is known to all Fact of observation taking place is known to none except the researcher No explanation, or false explanation, given for presence of observer-researcher Full explanation given for the presence of the observer-researcher Short duration-could be as little as 5 minutes Long duration-possibly years Record-Keeping uses only note taking Record-keeping uses technology (e. g audio tape, camera, stop watch, two way mirror, computer program) No feedback given afterwards to the observed Full feedback given afterwards to the observed FIGURE 2.1: Different Kind of Observation (Briony j Oates, 2006) We will try to observe and describe the interaction between the handicap people and the ticketing machine or the booking system, and the data and the information which obtained by the means of observations and experiences. We start with a theory as starting point then we will formulate interviews which will base on that theory. Interviews are defined as a particular type of conversation between people. Usually one person has the purpose of undertaking the interview: they want to gain information from the other(s) ( Briony j Oates, 2006). The purpose of interviews would be to produce useful information for the research. In interviews we will try to do the things that Oates suggested (page-187) like gain detailed information, explore emotions, experiences or feeling that cannot easily be observed and investigate sensitive issues or privileged information, that respondent might not willing to write about on paper for a researcher that they have not met. We will use unstructured interviews; we will start by introducing topic to the interviewee and allow them to develop their own ideas about the topic let the interviewees to speak their mind. The criteria for the selection of the sources of the interviewer or the person to be observed will be the amount and type of the information required for the empirical study. For example if we want the user requirement we will interview from the users (visually impaired people) and if we need to know that how the ticket machine works normally or for the normal people we will interview general public for that. For the study of a group of individuals, (visually impaired people) we will be visiting various people with visual impairment disabilities at the handicaps care center in Boras for interviews and observations. The selection criteria for the interview and the observation will depend on the information and data required for the empirical study i.e. the user (visually impaired people) and the regular traveler. Most part of our observation will be undergo when we will be conducting interviews, because the visually impairment people might not be able to give us a long time for observation. There are very less chances that we found these people personally interacting with ticketing machine as we can find normal people interacting. Data analysis procedures At this stage of inspection, we will analyze the data we received from our observations and interviews, and then revise them and compare them between real findings and experience. The evaluation method means to produce a high-quality with the help of evaluation, so we can authenticate all the gathered data in order to get new information. It should be done sooner than we begin with our conclusions. Interviews will be arranged for the users, who are using the ticket machine systems in association with the observations and unexpectedly different question would be asked from them. We can give the idea of the problem in the users mind. In this way we will easily reach to our goal of what we need and what are problems in the interface, which might create more problems for the user (visually impaired). Then make a comparison of interviews with various users viewpoints, what hurdles they could face during interaction with such interface. At the end we will review of all data that we have collected through the interviews and compare them with our theory. Strategies for validating findings According to Collin Robson (2004) evaluation refer to as assessing the value (or worth or merit) of something. The something focused on here is some kind of innovation, or intervention, project, or service. It involves people in one or more ways, perhaps as the provider of the service, or in setting up and running the intervention, almost inevitably as participants in the innovation or project and as client of the service (Collin Robson, 2004). The evaluation method is used to produce a good grade of the research, which should be of great importance that we evaluated for the quality of the research, So we will able to validate all the material that we collected. There are many methods for the qualitative research as: (Kaplan, Maxwell, 2005) -Validity -data quality -feedback We will also use these evaluation methods in our research, according to Bonnie Kaplan and Joseph A. Maxwell (page-14) validity in qualitative research addresses the necessarily subjective nature of data collection and analysis. Because the researcher is the instrument for collection and analyzing data, the study is subjective in the sense of being different for different researchers. Different researchers may approach the same research question by collecting different data or by interpreting the same data different ways. We will compare the results of interviews and observations taken from different people. (Kaplan, Maxwell, 2005) Data quality will reveals us that the data we collected is in detailed and varied enough that it will provide a comprehensive and showing a complete picture of, what is going on and what processes are involved. Data quality will help us to deeply see the whole process and developing some results. This is the single most important way of ruling out the possibility of misinterpreting the meaning of what participants say and do, or what the researcher have observed (Kaplan, Maxwell, 2005). The feedback will imply the gathering the response about the conclusions from participants. We will try to check that our interpretation makes sense to the visually impaired people; this thing will help us in collecting additional important data if required. We want to keep the structure of the research flexible and feasible, which would provide easiness and comfort to the reader. We will have empirical aid because of interviews and observations that we would conduct from handicap people and the machine ticket purchasers. The aim is to create consistency in the research so that it becomes easy to see that how the different parts to the research fit together. On the basis of these two different observations and interview types, we will try to join the results from both scenarios and evaluate the results and try to provide a clear picture of the problem area, that we are studying, from which the future readers can identify and relate their study. Result presentation method After analyzing all the observations, interviews and the literature, the research results of our thesis would be presented in the form of mainly prototype to certain extent, along with the small amount of data, model and diagrams as well. We will illustrate our results in form of prototype for the use of handicaps with visually impaired people.

Death of a Salesman Essay

What techniques does Arthur Miller use to highlight the conflict between past and present in Death of a Salesman? How do these techniques also demonstrate his main themes? Death of a Salesman is set in a time when the capitalist system is changing. It is set in the late 1940s, not long after the Wall Street crash in 1929. Willy Loman is unable to adjust to these changes and therefore, there is conflict between the past, where his dreams were achievable, and the present, where he has fallen foul of the capitalist system and is no longer any use to the firm. These conflicts are personified in Willy, and Arthur Miller uses a number of techniques to highlight this. The techniques Miller uses represent Willy’s mind and they distinguish between past and present. These theatrical methods also help to demonstrate the main themes in Death of a Salesman. These theatrical methods include music, lighting, wall-lines, scenery, the use of leaves and also use of costumes. In my essay I plan to explain what each method conveys to the audience and show how Miller uses these methods effectively to highlight the conflicts. Music is used to highlight significant points and themes in the play. Also, the type of music sets the mood for a scene. It creates atmosphere and conveys to the audience the emotions of the characters. Also, silence can highlight a particular scene. The absence of music means that the audience focuses entirely on the conversation taking place. In Death of a Salesman, flute music is heard constantly throughout the duration of the play. It bridges the play, as it is heard both at the beginning and the end. The flute music evokes a faraway, idyllic world, representing the past. It also represents a contrast between Willy and his father. Willy’s father was a pioneer; he made flutes and sold his own products. Willy, on the other hand, has to sell other people’s goods to make a living. A good example of music being used to set the scene is at the beginning of the restaurant scene. The lights have blacked out signifying the end of the previous scene ‘Suddenly rollicking music is heard. ‘ This is setting the mood of the scene for the audience. It shows that the atmosphere is happy and lively. This is to show the mood of the present time. It is a contrast to the past. By having rollicking music, Miller is highlighting this contrast. This links to the theme of Happy and shows more of an insight into his character. Happy has chosen this restaurant and it shows the kind of life he lives, and this is a contrast to Willy.

Visualize This

Visualize This (VT) is a small start-up company specializing in virtual reality and computer visualizations. Located in the research park of a major university, the company was founded by Isaac Trice, a university professor, and staffed with the brightest of his former students. By all accounts the technology is cutting edge. Facilities include a lab of 14 high-end computer workstations adjacent to a CAVE (computer-aided virtual environment) and a small office. A conference room and central lobby are shared with other tenants in the building. Originally the company had partnered with the Swedish firm Salvania to create virtual environments for medical and industrial design. Trice and his staff would develop the software for each application; create a visual database supported with engineering or medical data, and run design sessions for their clients in the CAVE. Salvania provided the capital, generated the clients, and handled the business end of the operations. In its first two years of business, VT completed four projects. With each project, VT advanced its skills in visualization and developed customized tools to help its clients design intricate products. The clients were pleased but did not anticipate repeating the intensive design process for several years. Unfortunately, Salvania was unable to remain solvent and dissolved its partnership with Visualize This. VT was able to keep its workstations (whose salvage value was low), but gave up its rights to the CAVE and furloughed all but three employees. To stay afloat, VT needed new clients and a steady stream of income. Trice hit the streets and came back with the following possibilities: †¢ Designing computer-based training sessions for bank tellers of an international finance institution †¢ Conducting software certification for the sales staff of a large software vendor †¢ Designing virtual reality tours through history for a major museum †¢ Developing Web-based virtual models for a women's clothing retailer †¢ Creating virtual catalogues in which a customer can enlarge, rotate, and dissect a product online. This isn't what I had in mind for my company,† Trice lamented as he shared the list with his employees. â€Å"I wanted to be developing the next generation of visualization tools in concert with the brightest minds in industry, not digitizing pictures of products and making them turn around, or teaching people to use software that's not even our own! †

Theme Of Equality In The Kite Runner - 822 Words

Equality is something we humans crave for when we are in a time of hardship. When we are being discriminated against, we feel the utmost pain and the need for freedom. Discrimination has lingered since the beginning of time, and ending it is impracticable. A French novelist, Honore de Balzac proclaims, â€Å"Equality may perhaps be a right, but no power on earth can ever turn it into a fact.† Here, Balzac is acknowledging that an individual is born a free man and is just as equal as any other man. But, an individual will never be fully equal as they desire. Some parts of society will try to act superior to a certain quality of someone’s life, like their race, religion, culture, etc. This statement proves to be valid in Khaled Hosseini’s novel,†¦show more content†¦This exhibits the Pashtun beliefs towards Hazaras; they were just scum. Hazaras would be constantly pushed out of the involvement of the Pashtuns even in circumstances of true love. In life, o ne has the right to love, but it’s never a fact that people will agree with your choosing. Just because Homaira was a Hazara, she could never see Rahim Kahn again, because of Pashtun belief. Through the history pertaining to Pashtun-Hazara relationships full equality isn’t obtainable in the novel because of religious discriminators. In addition, equality is difficult to find in the novel through gender discrimination. Women have very different roles in Afghanistan society and are treated unlike those in America. In Afghanistan, there are arranged marriages, which are forced marriages usually done upon the father of the bride. Women are unable to marry who they truly love, unless they get lucky. Unfortunately, that isn’t the case for Sanaubar, Ali’s wife. Ali and Sanaubar are, â€Å"First cousin[s] and therefore [he is] a natural choice for a spouse† (8). This reveals that Sanaubar, nineteen, was forced into a relationship with Ali and that womenâ⠂¬â„¢s roles are different from those of men. Women don’t get the firsthand choice on who they marry. Therefore, It wouldn’t be fair for women to marry the person they didn’tShow MoreRelatedThe Kite Runner By Marjane Satrapi1110 Words   |  5 Pagesparts of the world where women are stripped of their basic human rights, forcing women to fight for equality. Marjane Satrapi, author of Persepolis, depicts the political turmoil in Iran by including the degrading rights of women. In places where Islamic extremism exists, the strict fundamentalism affect the rights and societal views of women (Bobic et al., 4-8). 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