A.A. Milne Publishes Winnie-the-Pooh

With the first publication of the childrens book Winnie-the-Pooh on October 14, 1926, the world was introduced to some of the most popular fictional characters of the twentieth century - Winnie-the-Pooh, Piglet, and Eeyore. The second collection of Winnie-the-Pooh stories, The House at Pooh Corner, appeared on bookshelves just two years later and introduced the character Tigger. Since then, the books have been published worldwide in over 20 languages. The Inspiration for Winnie the Pooh The author of the wonderful Winnie-the-Pooh stories, A. A. Milne (Alan Alexander Milne), found his inspiration for these stories in his son and his sons stuffed animals. The little boy who talks to the animals in the Winnie-the-Pooh stories is called Christopher Robin, which is the name of A. A. Milnes real-life son, who was born in 1920. On August 21, 1921, the real-life Christopher Robin Milne received a stuffed bear from Harrods for his first birthday, which he named Edward Bear. The Name Winnie Although the real-life Christopher Robin loved his stuffed bear, he also fell in love with an American black bear that he often visited the London Zoo (he sometimes even went into the cage with the bear!). This bear was named Winnie which was short for Winnipeg, the hometown of the man who raised the bear as a cub and later brought the bear to the zoo. How the real-life bears name also became the name of Christopher Robins stuffed bear is an interesting story. As A. A. Milne states in the introduction to Winnie-the-Pooh, Well, when Edward Bear said that he would like an exciting name all to himself, Christopher Robin said at once, without stopping to think, that he was Winnie-the-Pooh. And so he was. The Pooh part of the name came from a swan of that name. Thus, the name of the famous, lazy bear in the stories became Winnie-the-Pooh even though traditionally Winnie is a girls name and Winnie-the-Pooh is definitely a boy bear. Other Characters Many of the other characters in the Winnie-the-Pooh stories were also based on Christopher Robins stuffed animals, including Piglet, Tigger, Eeyore, Kanga, and Roo. However, Owl and Rabbit were added without stuffed counterparts in order to round out the characters. If so inclined, you can actually visit the stuffed animals that Winnie-the-Pooh, Piglet, Tigger, Eeyore, and Kanga were based on by visiting the Central Childrens Room at the Donnell Library Center in New York. (Stuffed Roo was lost during the 1930s in an apple orchard.) The Illustrations While A. A. Milne hand-wrote the entire original manuscript for both books, the man who shaped the famous look and feel of these characters was Ernest H. Shepard, who drew all the illustrations for both Winnie-the-Pooh books. To inspire him, Shepard traveled to the Hundred Acre Wood or at least its real-life counterpart, which is located in the Ashdown Forest near Hartfield in East Sussex (England). The Disney Pooh Shepards drawings of the fictional Winnie-the-Pooh world and characters were how most children envisioned them until Walt Disney bought the film rights to Winnie-the-Pooh in 1961. Now in stores, people can see both the Disney-styled Pooh and the Classic Pooh stuffed animals and see how they differ.

The Great Depression - 521 Words

Instructor: Dr. Line During the 1930s, which was also called â€Å"the Great Depression†, banks failed in larger numbers than at any other time United States history. Almost one-third of the depository institutions in operation at the onset of the downturn disappeared during the contraction. Therefore, the economic, especially the bank’s system, also was hurt painfully and terribly. Of course, the Pacific Northwest area could not be out of that list. So the main point is how the Great Depression affects to the Pacific Northwest in general and Washington State specifically economy especially about the banking system. First of all, the definition of the â€Å"Great Depression† should be understood clearly before the any further information can be discussed. The Great Depression began in the summer of 1929. In that morning, â€Å"the downturn became markedly worse in late 1929 and continued until early 1933.† The real output and prices fell in a straight line which showed the dropping number in an industrial production nearly 47 percent and real GDP (which is Gross Domestic Product) fell 30 percent . The wholesale price index declined 33 percent (such declines in the price level are referred to as â€Å"deflation†). Although, the government had tried to prevent the unemployment rate at one significant, the rate still exceeded 20 percent at its highest point . Because of no job, money became the most valuable that they did not want to spend. Though, it was the reason that led to the failure ofShow MoreRelatedThe Depression Of The Great Depression1223 Words   |  5 Pagesfar-re aching consequences as the Great Depression. This experience was the most extended and severe depression of the Western world. It was an economic downturn that began in 1929 and lasted until 1939. A large amount of America’s labor force lost their jobs and suffered during this crisis. During the nation’s financial disaster, Franklin Delano Roosevelt became president and made extensive changes to America’s political structure. The effects of the Great Depression had lasting consequences that areRead MoreThe Depression Of The Great Depression1232 Words   |  5 Pagespeople think that the stock crash was to blame for the Great Depression but that is not correct. Both the crash and depression were the result of problems with the economy that were still underneath society s minds. The depression affected people in a series of ways: poverty is spreading causing farm distress, unemployment, health, family stresses and unfortunately, discrimination increases. America tended to blame Hoover for the depression and all the problems. When the 1932 election came peopleRead MoreThe Great Depression Essay1390 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The world had faced two main economic problems. The first one was the Great Depression in the early of 20th Century. The second was the recent international financial crisis in 2008. The United States and Europe suffered severely for a long time from the great depression. The great depression was a great step and changed completely the economic policy making and the economic thoughts. It was not only an economic situation bit it was also miserable making, made people more attentionRead MoreThe Depression Of The Great Depression2071 Words   |  9 PagesPaul Von Hindenburg appointed Adolf Hitler Chancellor on the 30th January 1933. The Depression did play a vital role in this, however other factors such as the Nazis propaganda, the resentment of the Weimar republic and the political situation of 1932-1933 also contributed to his success. Before the Great Depression, the Nazis gained 12 seats and 2.6% of the vote in the May election of 1928. Despite this, by July 1932, Hitler gained 230 seats and 37.3% of the vote in the Reichstag. This is a dramaticRead MoreThe Great Depression1292 Words   |  6 PagesBefore the crash Before the start of the great depression the United States was a country of great economic wealth, with new technology being invented and a boom in industry. Due to a boom in America’s Industry because of World War One the economy was at an all-time high with a tremendous amount of prosperity. Following the end of world war one the industrial might that America had was being used for peaceful, domestic purposes instead of being used for violence and war. New technologies like carsRead MoreThe Great Depression1731 Words   |  7 PagesThe 1920’s was a decade of discovery for America. As mentioned in â€Å"who was roaring in the twenties? —Origins of the great depression,† by Robert S. McElvaine America suffered with the great depression due to several factors but it managed to stay prosperous at the end. In â€Å"America society and culture in the 1920’s,† by David A. Shannon there was much more to the great depression. It was a time of prosperity an economic change. Women and men were discovering who they were and their value to societyRead MoreThe Great Depression1551 Words   |  6 PagesThe G reat Depression was one of the most devastating events recorded in history. The nation as a whole plummeted in one economic downfall. Few individuals escaped the effects of the depression. The hardship of unemployment and the loss of homes and farms were a large portion of the pain caused by the economic crisis. Through all of these sufferings, women had a large impact on society. Women faced heavy discrimination and social criticism during the Depression Even though through research it is provenRead MoreThe Great Depression1186 Words   |  5 Pagesfriends is the true definition of of what the Great Depression really was. It was a time that most people want to never remember or ever happen again. You would think the United States would have learned from their mistakes but it seems we are going down the same road once again without even taking a step back and realizing it. When people talk about the Great Depression not a single person will have anything good to say about it. It ca used families a great deal of pain that they will never forget. WithRead MoreThe Great Depression1368 Words   |  6 PagesAfter WW1 the Great Depression had a very late impact on the major film companies in France, when it did, it unfortunately caused several film studios to go bankrupt, then in the late 1920’s to 1930’s many small film companies and groups emerged giving birth to the tendency called poetic realism. Because the large companies who made films with a focus on making money were gone the filmmakers and artists were able to concern themselves with the art of film, they often took poetic innovations thatRead MoreThe Great Depression1133 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The only thing we have to fear is fear itself,† is a famous quote once said during the Great Depression by Franklin D. Roosevelt. After one world war, great financial fallout, and another world war to follow, the twentieth century was already shaping out to be a handful. When the Great D epression was coming to an end and the economy was trying to turn around, jobs started opening up and a new wave of immigrants came into New York, the Puerto Ricans. For some the American dream was to come to

Document Object Model, free essay sample

JavaScript is a scripting language, that is,  lightweight, dynamic,  loosely typed,  prototype-based   programming language which is used in many different environments. * A lightweight programming language that is  interpreted  by the browser engine when the web page is loaded. * Dynamic  programming languages execute at runtime; they are not compiled. Because of this, JavaScript is sometimes considered a scripting language as opposed to a true programming language (obviously a misconception). When you have JavaScript within an HTML document it will be parsed as the page loads within the browser, hence at runtime. Loosely typed  languages do not insist upon any strong typing system. If you’ve programmed in C or Java (not the same as JavaScript) you’ll know that when declaring a variable you have to specify a type such as ‘int’ (integer). JavaScript is different in that you don’t need to specify the type. * To perform inheritance within JavaScript you have to use something called  prototypes. JavaScript does not support classes. Features of Java Script. * * JavaScript is  Browser Side Scripting Language. * Script that executes on local Browser is called  browser side scripting. Usually Client / web surfer’s PC is called local PC. * JS Script is embedded in the HTML page, * When user requests particular page containing script, script executes in local browser. * JavaScript is designed to add interactivity to HTML pages. Adding JavaScript to your HTML code allows you to change completely the document appearance, from changing text, to changing colors, or changing the options available in a drop-down list, or switching one image with another when you roll your mouse over it and much more. JavaScript can be used to make HTML pages more dynamic. All plain HTML files are static. JavaScript is  Lightweight Programming Language. * JS adds  programming facility  to HTML page. * JS provides us  programming facilities to certain extends. such as – Loops, A rrays, Decision making etc. * JavaScript is  embedded directly into HTML pages. * JavaScript is an  interpreted language. One of the main advantages of using JavaScript is that it is an interpreted language in which scripts are directly executed without preliminary compilation. You cant compile Javascript to bytecode and run it anywhere * Java Script is  Free to use. You are not required to purchase a license in order to use JavaScript. JavaScript is supported by many popular Web browsers, including all remotely recent versions of Microsoft Internet Explorer and Netscape Navigator, but sometimes you have to turn on the capabilities in your MOST COMMON USES * Browser Detection Detecting the browser used by a visitor at your page. Depending on the browser, another page specifically designed for that browser can then be loaded. * Cookies Storing information on the visitors computer, then retrieving this information automatically next time the user visits your page. This technique is called cookies. Control Browsers Opening pages in customized windows, where you specify if the browsers buttons, menu line, status line or whatever should be present. * Validate Forms Validating inputs to fields before submitting a form. An example would be validating the entered email address to see if it has an @ in it, since if not, its not a valid address. How does it work? JavaScript is what is called a Client-side Scripting Language. That means that it is a computer programming language that runs inside an Internet browser. Inside a normal Web page you place some JavaScript code. When the browser loads the page, the browser has a built-in interpreter (also called JavaScript engine) that reads the JavaScript code it finds in the page and runs it. JavaScript engine is different for each browser, and in fact may be different between versions of the same browser, WHERE TO PLACE IT Since javascript isnt HTML, you will need to let the browser know in advance when you enter javascript to an HTML page. This is done using the  lt;scriptgt;  tag. The browser will use the  lt;scriptgt; type=text/javascriptgt;  and  lt;/scriptgt;  to tell where javascript starts and ends. Consider this example: lt;htmlgt; lt;headgt; lt;titlegt;My Javascript Pagelt;/titlegt; lt;/headgt; lt;bodygt; lt;script type=text/javascriptgt; alert(Welcome to my world!!! ); lt;/scriptgt; lt;/bodygt; lt;/htmlgt;  | | The word  alert  is a standard javascript command that will cause an alert box to pop up on the screen. The visitor will need to click the OK button in the alert box to proceed. THE FIRST SCRIPT Knowing that javascript needs to be entered between  lt;scriptgt;  tags, is a start. But there are a few other things you need to know before writing your first javascript: * Javascript lines end with a semicolon. You may have noticed from the example on the previous page that javascript lines end with a semicolon. You can easily put all your javascript on a single line without destroying the performance of it. However, you would destroy the overview of your script so it is not advisable. * Always put the text within . When entering text to be handled by javascript, you should always put the text within . If you forget to enclose your text in , javascript will interpret your text as being variables rather than text. In the next section you will learn why this would cause an error to your script. Capital letters are different from lowercase letters. You should always remember that capital letters are different from lowercase letters. This means that when you write commands in javascript, you need to type capital letters in the correct places, and nowhere else. Incorrect capitalization is probably the most common source of error for javascript programmers on all levels!! Consider following ex ample lt;htmlgt; lt;headgt; lt;titlegt;My Javascript Pagelt;/titlegt; lt;/headgt; lt;bodygt; lt;scriptgt; document. write(Welcome to my world!!! ); lt;/scriptgt; lt;/bodygt; lt;/htmlgt;  | | The  document. write  is a javascript command telling the browser that what follows within the parentheses is to be written into the document. When entering text in javascript you need to include it in . The script in the example would produce this output on your page: Welcome to my world!!! | | CAPITAL LETTERS It is extremely important to be aware that javascript makes a sharp distinction between capital and lowercase letters. Javascript does not consider a variable named  myvalue  to be the same as a variable named  MYVALUE. POP UP BOXES It is possible to make three different kinds of popup windows. ALERT BOX The syntax for an alert box is:  alert(yourtext); The user will need to click OK to proceed. Typical use is when you want to make sure information comes through to the user. Examples could be warnings of any kind. (Typical examples are Adult Content, or technical matters like This site requires Shockwave Flash plug-in). CONFIRM BOX: The syntax for a confirm box is:  confirm(Did you understand ? ); The user needs to click either OK or Cancel to proceed. Typical use is when you want the user to verify or accept something. Examples could be age verification like Confirm that you are at least 57 years old or technical matters like Do you have a plug-in for Shockwave Flash?   If the user clicks OK, the box returns the value  true. If the user clicks Cancel, the box returns the value  false. if (confirm(Do you agree)) {alert(You agree)} else{alert (You do not agree)};| | Note: The  if statement  is explained later in this tutorial. PROMPT BOX: The prompt box syntax is:  prompt(yourtext,defaultvalue); The user must click either OK or Cancel to proceed after entering the text. Typical use is when the user should input a value before entering the page. Examples could be entering users name to be stored in a cookie or entering a password or code of some kind.   If the user clicks OK the prompt box returns the entry. If the user clicks Cancel the prompt box returns  null. Since you usually want to use the input from the prompt box for some purpose it is normal to store the input in a variable, as shown in this example: username=prompt(Please enter your name,Enter your name here);  alert (Hello Mr. + username);| | IF AND ELSE The general syntax for if statements is: f (condition) {action1;} else {action2;} An example could be: if (browser==MSIE) {alert(You are using MSIE);} else {alert(You are using Netscape);}  | | Again it is important to note that  if  is written as if. Using the capital IF would cause an error. EVENTS Events are actions that can be detected by javascript. An example would be the  onmouseover  event, which is detected when the user moves the mouse over an object. Another event is the  onload  event, which is detected as soon as the page is finished loading. The following are the most important events recognized by javascript: Event| Detected when| HTML tags  | nfocus=| Form field gets focus| select, text, textarea  | onblur=| Form field looses focus| select, text, textarea  | onchange=| Content of a field changes| select, text, textarea  | onselect=| Text is selected| text, textarea  | onmouseover=| Mouse moves over a link| A  | onmouseout=| Mouse moves out of a link| A  | onclick=| Mouse clicks an object| A, button, checkbox,   radio, reset, submit  | onload=| Page is finished loading| body, frameset  | onunload=| Browser opens new document| body, frameset  | onSubmit=| Submit button is clicked| form  | | Events are used for two main purposes: 1. To perform a function upon detection of the event 2. To show a popup box upon detection of the event. Loops (for, while) for (variable=startvalue;  variablelt;=endvalue;variable=variable+incrementfactor)   { // Here goes the script lines you want to loop. } Arrays The following points should always be remembered when using arrays in JavaScript: * The array is a special type of variable. * Values are stored into an array by using the array name and by stating the location in the array you wish to store the value in brackets. Example: myArray[2] = Hello World; * Values in an array are accessed by the array name and location of the value. Example: myArray[2]; lt;script type=text/javascriptgt; lt;! var myArray = new Array(); myArray[0] = Football; myArray[1] = Baseball; myArray[2] = Cricket; document. write(myArray[0] + myArray[1] + myArray[2]); //gt; lt;/scriptgt; - javascript redirect Control over what page is loaded into the browser rests in the JavaScript property  window. location. By setting  window. location  equal to a new URL, you will in turn change the current webpage to the one that is specified. If you wanted to redirect all your visitors to www. oogle. com when they arrived at your site, you would just need the script below: lt;script type=text/javascriptgt; lt;! window. location = http://www. google. com/ //gt; lt;/scriptgt; Object Oriented Programming in java Script Creating JavaScript Objects With JavaScript you can define and create your own objects. There are 2 different ways to create a new object: 1. Define and create a direct instance of an object. 2. Use a function to define an object, th en create new object instances. Creating a Direct Instance lt;scriptgt; var person=new Object(); person. firstname=John; erson. lastname=Doe; person. age=50; person. eyecolor=blue; document. write(person. firstname + is + person. age + years old. ); lt;/scriptgt; Using an Object Constructor lt;scriptgt; function person(firstname,lastname,age,eyecolor) { this. firstname=firstname; this. lastname=lastname; this. age=age; this. eyecolor=eyecolor; } myFather=new person(John,Doe,50,blue); document. write(myFather. firstname + is + myFather. age + years old. ); lt;/scriptgt; Inheritance in JavaScript To perform inheritance within JavaScript you have to use something called  prototypes. JavaScript does not support classes. Functions The general syntax for a function is: function functionname(variable1,  variable2, ,  variableX) { // Here goes the javascript lines for the function } A  typical bug when entering javascript functions is to forget about the importance of capitals in javascript. The word  function  must be spelled exactly as  function. Function  or  FUNCTION  would cause an error. Document Object Model The Document Object Model, normally abbreviated to DOM, is the API through which JavaScript interacts with content within a website. JavaScript and the DOM are usually seen as a single entity since JavaScript is most commonly used for this purpose (interacting with content on the web). The DOM API is used to access, traverse and manipulate HTML and XML documents. * Window object:  Top of the hierarchy. It is the outmost element of the object hierarchy. * Document object:  Each HTML document that gets loaded into a window becomes a document object. The document contains the content of the page. * Form object:  Everything enclosed in the lt;formgt; lt;/formgt; tags sets the form object. Accessing DOM nodes The following text is a snippet of HTML taken from a regular HTML document. - lt;p title=The test paragraphgt;This is a sample of some lt;bgt;HTML you mightlt;brgt;havelt;/bgt; in your documentlt;/pgt; The DOM tree views this (simplified) as follows: - P - _______________|______________ - | | - hildNodes attributes - ______________|___________ | - | | | title = The test paragraph - This is a sample of some B in your document - | - childNodes - __________|_______ - | | | HTML you might BR - | - have Let’s assume we have a basic XHTML document containing a paragraph and an unordered list: lt;! DOCTYPE  html  PUBLIC  -//W3C//DTD  XHTML  1. 0  Strict//EN  http://www. w3. org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict. dtdgt;  Ã‚   lt;html  xmlns=http://www. w3. org/1999/xhtml  lang=engt;  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  lt;headgt; lt;meta  http-equiv=Content-Type  content=text/html;  charset=UTF-8  /gt;  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  lt;titlegt;Java Script! lt;/titlegt;  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  lt;/headgt; lt;bodygt; lt;p  id=introgt;My  first  paragraph lt;/pgt; lt;ulgt; lt;ligt;List  item  1lt;/ligt;  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  lt;ligt;List  item 2lt;/ligt;  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  lt;ligt;List  item  3lt;/ligt; lt;ligt;List  item  4lt;/ligt;  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  lt;ligt;List  item  5lt;/ligt;  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  lt;/ulgt; lt;script  type=text/javascriptgt;  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  //  lt;! [CDATA[ //  ]]gt; lt;/scriptgt; lt;/bodygt; lt;/htmlgt; In this first example we’re going to access our paragraph by using the ‘getElementById’ DOM method: 1. var  introParagraph  =  document. etElementById(intro);  Ã‚   2. //  We  now  have  a  reference  to  the  DOM  node. This  DOM  Ã‚   3. //  node  represents  the  introà ‚  paragraph. The variable ‘introParagraph’ is now a reference to the DOM node. We can do a number of things with this node, – we can query its content and attributes, and can manipulate any aspect of it. We can remove it, clone it or move it to other parts of the DOM tree. Anything which is present within a document we can access using JavaScript and the DOM API. So, we might want to access the unordered list in a similar fashion, the only problem is that it doesn’t have an ID. You could give it an ID and then use the same method as above or we could access it using ‘getElementsByTagName’: var  allUnorderedLists  =  document. getElementsByTagName(ul); getElementsByTagName The ‘getElementsByTagName’ method returns a live node collection/list. It’s similar to an array in that it has a length property. One important thing to note is these collections are live – if you add a new element to the DOM then the collection will update itself. Since it’s an array-like object we can access each node via an index, from 0 to the total length of the collection (minus 1): /  Access  single  unordered  list:  [0]  index var  unorderedList  =  document. getElementsByTagName(ul)[0]; //  Create  Node  list  of  all  list  items  within  the  UL:  Ã‚   var  allListItems  =  unorderedList. getElementsByTagName(li); //  Now,  we  can  loop  through  each  list  itemà ‚  using  a  FOR  loop:  Ã‚   for  (var  i  =  0,  length  =  allListItems. length;  i  lt;  length;  i++)  {  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  //  Extract  text  node  within  and  alert  its  content:  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  alert(  allListItems[i]. firstChild. data  ); } Traversing the DOM The term traverse is used to describe the action of travelling through the DOM, finding nodes. The DOM API gives us plenty of node properties which we can use to move up and down through all the nodes within a document. These properties are inherent of all nodes and enable you to access related/close nodes: * Node. childNodes: You can use this to access all direct child nodes of a single element. It will be an array-like object, which you can loop through. Nodes within this array will include all the different node types including text nodes and other element nodes. * Node. firstChild: This is the same as accessing the first item in the ‘childNodes’ array (‘Element. childNodes[0]‘). It’s just a shortcut. * Node. astChild: This is the same as accessing the last item in the ‘childNodes’ array (‘Element. childNodes[Element. childNodes. length-1]‘). It’s just a shortcut. * Node. parentNode: This gives you access to the parent node of your current node. There will only ever be one parent node. In order to access the gr andparent you would simply use ‘Node. parentNode. parentNode’ etc. * Node. nextSibling: This gives you access to the next node on the same level within the DOM tree. * Node. previousSibling: This gives you access to the last node on the same level within the DOM tree. lt;! DOCTYPE html PUBLIC -//W3C//DTD XHTML 1. Strict//EN http://www. w3. org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-strict. dtdgt; lt;html xmlns=http://www. w3. org/1999/xhtml lang=engt; lt;bodygt; lt;divgt; lt;pgt;Hello worldlt;/pgt; lt;ulgt; lt;ligt;Aapplelt;/ligt; lt;ligt;Pearlt;/ligt; lt;ligt;Melonlt;/ligt; lt;/ulgt; lt;/divgt; lt;script type=text/javascriptgt; var theDiv = document. getElementsByTagName(div)[0]; var p = theDiv. firstChild; var ul = p. nextSibling; alert(ul. childNodes[0]. data ); alert(ul. childNodes[1]); alert(ul. childNodes[2] ); lt;/scriptgt; lt;/bodygt; lt;/htmlgt;

Review On Sunrise Essays - Filmmaking, Cinematic Techniques, Film

Review On Sunrise Introduction to Cinema Studies Assessment Task 2 Mark Thomas Brand 9810139u April 29, 1999 Adrian Danks For this assignment I have chosen question 2 on the discussion of a particular edit. The film I have chosen to discuss is Sunrise, and the edit is from the portion of the film where the lady from the city and the husband are discussing the city at the lake. I chose this particular edit for a couple of reasons the first being that for its time the effect it produces is quite remarkable. Its also the scene that caught my eye and held it for the longest period. Visually rich without the need of sound. The edit flows through a variety of images and the shots that surround it are filled with references and common cliches that get the point across. The edit is graphically continuous as it dissolves from shot to shot without any solid cuts. We begin with the city girl telling the husband that he should come to the city. The scene then dissolves to an image of a huge brass band busily and noisily at play. This shot is in complete contrast to the serenity of the still country and the bright silent moonlight. The edit then continues to dissolve into an angled shot of a city street teeming with people hurriedly about their business. This shot is dissolved with that of the band, creating the feeling of organised chaos. This dissolve reiterates the hustle and bustle feeling of the city in contrast to that of the country. The edit then dissolves back to the scene at the waterfront where the city girl is dancing away to the imagery she has created through her tales to the husband. He stares at her wide-eyed as the cliche country person reacts to the big city, almost hypnotically. I believe that this edit encompasses most of the major themes of the film. Firstly we are given a rivalry or good Vs evil, or slow Vs fast, or nature Vs cocnrete. The good countryman meets dazzling evil city girl and is hypnotized by the glitz and glamour. On one hand we are shown the serenity of the lake and through the dissolves we are brought into a fast pace with the band and the people, that finishes with a lakeside jive from the city girl. The edit creates an increasing rhythmic relationship. It gives you the feel of stepping on the gas pedal. It starts at a solid stable shot that in its entirety from still water to still people gives us the feeling of dead calm. Then through the use of the other shots and the dissolve we get the rhythmic sense of increasing speed that finishes at a fevered pace with the city girl. The shots in this edit are spatially continuous. Although the imagery of the city could have been embedded in the city girls mind much earlier its not a flashback because she is telling the story at the time of the dissolves. We dont lose any time in the film but instead this creative use of a nondiagetic insert compensates for dialogue. The shot does dissolve into symbolic shots of the city which are very cliche, but they are actually dialogue for us to understand, rather then visual commentary placed by the director. The dialogue this creates is much stronger than the words the actor could have used for we then relate the images with our feelings of the city, and get something different out of it individually. This edit also contributes to the feel of the film thats created by the characters. When the husband and wife are shot alone in their environments the pace is for the most part very steady and their emotions are conveyed as deep and methodical. On the other hand when we are shown the city girl or the city they are always at a fevered uneasy pace. This edit blends us between both worlds starting in that of the serenity of nature and shattered by the city girl and her tales of the big smoke. By dissolving these shots and not cut editing them were given the sense of being hypnotized instead of being confronted with the city. Throughout the film we